According to the Hanafi school · for men and women
How to Pray Salah
Choose a prayer; we explain every step from intention to salam, with the Arabic, transliteration and meaning of each dua.
Fajr prayer
4 rak'ahs
2 rak'ahs sunnah, 2 rak'ahs fard
Dhuhr prayer
10 rak'ahs
4 rak'ahs first sunnah, 4 rak'ahs fard, 2 rak'ahs last sunnah
Asr prayer
8 rak'ahs
4 rak'ahs sunnah, 4 rak'ahs fard
Maghrib prayer
5 rak'ahs
3 rak'ahs fard, 2 rak'ahs sunnah
Isha prayer
13 rak'ahs
4 rak'ahs first sunnah, 4 rak'ahs fard, 2 rak'ahs last sunnah, 3 rak'ahs witr
Jumu'ah prayer
10 rak'ahs
4 rak'ahs first sunnah, 2 rak'ahs fard, 4 rak'ahs last sunnah
Obligatory acts of prayer
Obligatory acts outside the prayer (conditions): purity from ritual impurity (wudu/ghusl), purity from physical impurity (body, clothes and place), covering the awrah, facing the qibla, the time and the intention. Obligatory acts within the prayer (pillars): the opening takbir, standing, recitation, bowing (ruku), prostration (sujud) and the final sitting (qa'dah al-akhirah).
Duas recited in prayer
Subhanaka
سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ وَتَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ وَتَعَالَى جَدُّكَ وَلَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ
Subhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabaraka-smuka, wa ta'ala jadduka, wa la ilaha ghayruk.
O Allah! You are free from every imperfection; I glorify You with Your praise. Blessed is Your name and exalted is Your majesty. There is no god but You.
Ta'awwudh and Basmala
أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
A'udhu billahi minash-shaytanir-rajim. Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim.
I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Surah al-Fatiha
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ • الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ • الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ • مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ • إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ • اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ • صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ
Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim. Al-hamdu lillahi Rabbil-'alamin. Ar-Rahmanir-Rahim. Maliki yawmid-din. Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in. Ihdinas-siratal-mustaqim. Siratal-ladhina an'amta 'alayhim, ghayril-maghdubi 'alayhim wa lad-dallin.
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. All praise belongs to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. He is the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. He is the Master of the Day of Judgment. You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help. Guide us to the straight path; the path of those You have blessed, not the path of those who have incurred wrath, nor of those who have gone astray.
Additional surah
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ • اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ • لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ • وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ
Qul huwallahu ahad. Allahus-samad. Lam yalid wa lam yulad. Wa lam yakun lahu kufuwan ahad.
Say: He is Allah, the One. Allah is As-Samad (everything depends on Him, and He depends on nothing). He did not beget, nor was He begotten. And nothing is equal to Him. (Surah al-Ikhlas — after al-Fatiha, any surah you know is recited.)
Tasbih in ruku (3 times)
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ
Subhana Rabbiyal-'Azim.
I glorify my Lord, the Magnificent.
When rising
سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ • رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ
Sami'allahu liman hamidah. Rabbana lakal-hamd.
Allah hears the one who praises Him. Our Lord, all praise is Yours.
Tasbih in sujud (3 times)
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى
Subhana Rabbiyal-A'la.
I glorify my Lord, the Most High.
At-Tahiyyat
التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَالصَّلَوَاتُ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ • السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ • السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ • أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ
At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibat. As-salamu 'alayka ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. As-salamu 'alayna wa 'ala 'ibadillahis-salihin. Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluh.
All reverence, prayers and good things belong to Allah. O Prophet! May the peace, mercy and blessings of Allah be upon you. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I also bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger.
Allahumma salli
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ
Allahumma salli 'ala Muhammadin wa 'ala ali Muhammad. Kama sallayta 'ala Ibrahima wa 'ala ali Ibrahim. Innaka Hamidun Majid.
O Allah! Bestow Your mercy upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You bestowed Your mercy upon Ibrahim and his family. Surely You are worthy of praise and glorious in majesty.
Allahumma barik
اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ
Allahumma barik 'ala Muhammadin wa 'ala ali Muhammad. Kama barakta 'ala Ibrahima wa 'ala ali Ibrahim. Innaka Hamidun Majid.
O Allah! Bless Muhammad and his family, as You blessed Ibrahim and his family. Surely You are worthy of praise and glorious in majesty.
Rabbana atina
رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil-akhirati hasanatan wa qina 'adhaban-nar.
Our Lord! Give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire.
Rabbanaghfir li
رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابُ
Rabbanaghfir li wa li-walidayya wa lil-mu'minina yawma yaqumul-hisab.
Our Lord! Forgive me, my parents and all the believers on the Day when the reckoning takes place.
Salam
السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ
As-salamu 'alaykum wa rahmatullah.
May the peace and mercy of Allah be upon you. (Said while turning first to the right, then to the left.)
Qunut Dua 1
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْتَعِينُكَ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَنَسْتَهْدِيكَ وَنُؤْمِنُ بِكَ وَنَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ وَنَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْكَ وَنُثْنِي عَلَيْكَ الْخَيْرَ كُلَّهُ نَشْكُرُكَ وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ وَنَخْلَعُ وَنَتْرُكُ مَنْ يَفْجُرُكَ
Allahumma inna nasta'inuka wa nastaghfiruka wa nastahdika wa nu'minu bika wa natubu ilayka wa natawakkalu 'alayka wa nuthni 'alaykal-khayra kullahu, nashkuruka wa la nakfuruka, wa nakhla'u wa natruku man yafjuruk.
O Allah! We ask You for help, we seek Your forgiveness and we ask You to guide us to the right path. We believe in You, we turn to You in repentance and we put our trust in You. We praise You, attributing all good to You. We are grateful to You and are not ungrateful. We leave whoever rebels against You.
Qunut Dua 2
اللَّهُمَّ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَلَكَ نُصَلِّي وَنَسْجُدُ وَإِلَيْكَ نَسْعَى وَنَحْفِدُ نَرْجُو رَحْمَتَكَ وَنَخْشَى عَذَابَكَ إِنَّ عَذَابَكَ بِالْكُفَّارِ مُلْحِقٌ
Allahumma iyyaka na'budu wa laka nusalli wa nasjudu wa ilayka nas'a wa nahfidu, narju rahmataka wa nakhsha 'adhabaka, inna 'adhabaka bil-kuffari mulhiq.
O Allah! You alone we worship; for You we pray and prostrate. To You we hasten and turn. We hope for Your mercy and fear Your punishment. Surely Your punishment will reach the disbelievers.
Frequently Asked Questions
I don’t know how to pray. Where should I start?
The easiest way is to learn wudu first and then the two-rak'ah Fajr prayer; the other prayers repeat the same movements. On this page each prayer is explained separately, step by step, from the intention to the closing salam.
How many rak'ahs is each prayer?
Fajr has 4 rak'ahs (2 sunnah, 2 fard), Dhuhr 10, Asr 8, Maghrib 5 and Isha 13 (including witr). The Friday (Jumu'ah) prayer has 10 rak'ahs. The breakdown of each prayer is given on its own page.
Is there a difference between how men and women pray?
In the Hanafi school some differences are mentioned: women raise their hands to shoulder height for the takbir, place their hands on the chest, bend less in ruku and keep their arms close to the ground in sujud. The obligatory elements (fard) of the prayer are the same for both.
I don’t know the duas said in the prayer. What should I do?
The Arabic text, transliteration and meaning of Subhanaka, At-Tahiyyat, Allahumma Salli and Allahumma Barik are on this page. Until you have memorised them, you can pray with the surahs you know and keep on learning.

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